A Comparative Study on the Civil Relationship Between Fathers and Their Biological Children in Southeast Asia and the Middle East
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/legal.v14i4.1439Keywords:
Biological Children , Civil Partnership, Family LawAbstract
Legally, every citizen possesses civil rights that must be protected. However, not all children are born into favorable circumstances. Some are born within lawful marriages, while others are born outside marital bonds. This study examines the civil relationship between fathers and their biological children in selected Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as Middle Eastern countries such as Kuwait and Morocco. The objective is to analyze the legal framework governing the status, rights, and obligations of fathers toward their biological children in these four jurisdictions. The research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative and comparative approach. Findings reveal that in Indonesia, dualism exists among the Civil Code, the Marriage Law, and the Compilation of Islamic Law. In Malaysia, the civil relationship between a biological father and a child born out of wedlock is strictly limited under the National Fatwa Council and the Islamic Family Law Act, denying nasab, maintenance, and inheritance rights from the biological father. Similarly, Kuwaiti family law recognizes civil relations only through valid marriage. In Morocco, paternal civil relations are legally acknowledged solely when the child is born within a lawful marriage
Downloads
References
Angelin, M. S. R., Putri, F. D., & Prasetyo Sanduan, A. (2021). Dilema Hak Waris Anak Luar Kawin Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata. Hukum Magnum Opus, 4(2), 164–65.
Armi, M. I., Nawa Azkiya, R., & Setiyawanti, R. (2023). Keabsahan Anak Pada 5 Negara Islam (Studi Komparatif Perundang-undangan di Maroko, Mesir, Suriah, Tunisia, dan Yordania). Madania: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan Islam, 13(1), 37. https://journals.fasya.uinib.org/index.php/madania/article/view/503/271
Awaliyah, N. A. (2020). Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Maroko Tentang Wali Nikah [Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember]. http://digilib.uinkhas.ac.id/11820/1/NUR AINI AWALIYAH_S20161035.pdf.
Azizah, N. (2018). PUTUSAN MK NO. 46/2010 TENTANG HUBUNGAN KEPERDATAAN ANTARA ANAK LUAR NIKAH DENGAN AYAH BIOLOGIS (ANALISIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM, HUKUM POSITIF, UIDHR, Dan UDHR). FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 4(2), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v4i2.860
Budi, J., Jamal, F., & Herlambang, S. (2020). Mudawwanah Al-Usrah Dan Pemihakan Terhadap Hak-Hak Perempuan Di Maroko. Proceedings Ancoms, 1(1), 126.
ChardciaAdilla Bawotong, M. M. M. M. M. (2024). Perlindungan Anak Yang Lahir Diluar Perkawinan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Jurnal Fakultas Hukum UNSRAT Lex Privatum, 13(5), 8. https://www.pa-kebumen.go.id/berita-pusat/347-
El-Sadany, M., & Jamali, B. (2023). The Moudawana: Morocco’s Nearly 20-Year Old Family Code. The Tahrir Institute For Middle East Policy, 1(1), 4. https://timep.org/2023/07/07/the-moudawana-moroccos-nearly-20-year-old-family-code/
Handika Suryanto, M. (2023). Comparasion Of Civil Relations Between Biological Father And Childreen: A Comparative Study Of Indonesia, Malaysia, And Kwait. Journal of Islamic Law, 4(3), 571–588.
Husni, Z. M., Rosa, E., Handayani, L., & Putri, H. (2021). Analisis Status Anak Luar Kawin Terhadap Orang Tuanya: Studi Komparatif antara Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam. HAKAM: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam, 5(1), 5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v5i1.2261.
Ipandang. (2020). Komparasi Tentang Pembagian Harta Waris Untuk Anak Luar Nikah Dalam Kuh Perdata Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. FALASIFA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 1(1), 187.
Joni. (2024). Transformasi Hukum Perkawinan di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Brunei Darussalam: Kajian Kritis atas Batas Usia Perkawinan dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Journal of Islamic Civil Law, 3(2), 137–162. https://journal.iaincurup.ac.id/index.php/berasan/article/download/8155/3353/41350
Kholis, K. B., Alwi, M. A. A. M., & Suci, S. R. (2021). Dinamika Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Negara Muslim. ADHKI: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v3i1.45
Latumahina, R. E. (2021). Hubungan Keperdataan Antara Anak Luar Kawin Dan Orangtuanya: Studi Perbandingan Dengan Hukum Keluarga Di Belanda. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 48(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.21143/.vol48.no1.1601
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Nasiri. (2021). PRAKTIK PERKAWINAN DI NEGARA MAROKO. Jurnal Keislaman, 1(2), 163–185.
Nazar, T. H., & Rismawati, N. (2022). Hak Keperdataan bagi Anak di Luar Kawin dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia. Syakhsiyah Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2(1), 61–72.
Norazman, N. B. M. (2020). Penetapan Nasab Anak Zina Menurut Hukum di Malaysia (Studi Kasus Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Rayuan Sivil No W01 (A) – 365-09/ 2016) [Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara]. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/8460/1/NURULAZLINA BINTI MOHD NORAZMAN.pdf.
Noviarni, D. (2023). Kedudukan Anak Luar Kawin Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam. Ainul Haq: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 3(1), 85. www.ejornal.an-nadwah.ac.id
Rahajaan, J. A., & Niapele, S. (2021). Dinamika Hukum Perlindungan Anak Luar Nikah di Indonesia. PUBLIC POLICY (Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik & Bisnis), 2(2), 258–277. https://doi.org/10.51135/publicpolicy.v2.i2.p258-277
Rahman Hidayat, A., Handika Suryanto, M., Tria Arresti Perbandingan Hubungan Keperdataan, F., & Tria Arresti, F. (2023). Perbandingan Hubungan Keperdataan Antara Ayah Dan Anak Biologis: Studi Komparatif Indonesia, Malaysia, Dan Kuwait Comparison of Civil Relations Between Biological Father and Children: a Comparative Study of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Kuwait. 4(3), 583. https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v4i3.1086.PENDAHULUAN
Salihin, A., Arifudin, Y. F., & Darmawan, W. N. (2022). Studi Komparasi Perwalian Anak Hasil Zina Ayah Kandung Terhadap Anak Kandung Antara Kuh Perdata Dan Perdata Islam. El ’Aailah: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Keluarga, 1(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.59270/aailah.v1i1.68
Sulpiya, E., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Family Law Reform in The State of Kuwait Based on Fikih Perspective Reformasi Hukum Keluarga di Negara Kuwait Berdasarkan Perspektif Fikih. 9(1), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.31538/adlh.v9i1.5338
Sulton, A., & Wilujeng, S. N. (2022). Perbandingan Hukum Keluarga Kuwait Dan Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam El -Qist, 5(2), 1–16. https://ejournal.uluwiyah.ac.id/index.php/elqisth/article/view/127%0Ahttps://ejournal.uluwiyah.ac.id/index.php/elqisth/article/download/127/122
Susanto, M. H., Puspitasari, Y., & Marwa, M. H. M. (2021). Kedudukan Hak Keperdataan Anak Luar Kawin Perspektif Hukum Islam. Justisi, 7(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v7i2.1349
Thaib, A., Manoppo, B., & Soeikromo, D. (2022). Hak Waris Anak Di Luar Nikah Ditinjau Dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Lex Crimen. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/44362/0%0Ahttps://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexcrimen/article/download/44362/38647
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 LEGAL BRIEF

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.